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Trismus explained: how TMJ dysfunction can limit jaw movement

Mar 4, 2026

Woman smiling while sitting on a sunny beach with the ocean in the background.

If your world has been upended by simple everyday moments, like eating a meal or even speaking comfortably, you could be living with trismus – a condition that affects your jaw’s ability to move freely.

Pain, spasm, or limited jaw mobility is no fun for anyone! These challenging symptoms can be linked to trismus and TMJ (temporomandibular joint) dysfunction. The TMJ acts as a sliding hinge, connecting the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull. TMJ dysfunction or temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompasses a range of conditions affecting the joint, muscles, and ligaments in the area. TMJ dysfunction is one of several potential causes of trismus.

In the sections below, we’ll dive deeper into trismus and its relationship with TMD, providing a clearer picture of how these conditions are connected.

What is Trismus?

Trismus can also be called “lockjaw” and it is a condition involving tightness of the jaw muscles, which reduces your ability to fully open your mouth. The tightness arises from spasms in the muscles surrounding your jaw joint, also known as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). You may also hear this condition referred to as “TMJ lockjaw.”

It is important to remember that although TMJ disorder can cause trismus, trismus itself is actually a symptom signalling a problem with the TMJ joint or surrounding muscles. Whilst TMJ disorder is a common, treatable cause, severe lockjaw can also signal serious infections like tetanus.

Did you know…..

Most mouths open about 40-60mm which is equal to a width of about two or three fingers held together. If you are experiencing trismus, you may not be able to open your mouth wider than 20-35mm.

Symptoms associated with trismus

The most common trismus symptom is not being able to open your mouth as wide as usual. Other symptoms of trismus include:

  • Jaw pain or a sensation of muscle tightness, almost like you have cramps in your jaw.
  • Difficulty with eating, speaking and being able to brush your teeth.
  • Headaches and earaches.

Trismus causes

Anyone can develop trismus, and there are several medical conditions that can be involved. Some of the main trismus causes include:

  • Disorders which affect your TMJ (muscle spasm, disc displacement, arthritis, scar tissue).
  • Wisdom teeth removal or dental infections.
  • Inflammatory conditions of the jaw, neck or the salivary glands.
  • Trauma to the jaw.

How long can trismus last?

In some good news for trismus sufferers, in most cases it’s only temporary and usually resolves within a timeframe of two weeks. However, in some cases, it can take longer to resolve and may even become permanent, especially if left untreated.

When to seek medical help

If you feel you’re experiencing symptoms of trismus, it is important to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

The team at TMJ Clinics is here to help you with symptoms relating to TMJ and trismus.

Get in touch with your nearest clinic to book an appointment.

Disclaimer
All information is general and not intended as a substitute for professional advice. TMJ Clinics can consult with you regarding your individual health needs.

References